Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 78 Daily Flow Data, 2005-2017.

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Amatya, Devendra M. and Trettin, Carl C.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 78 Daily Flow Data, 2005-2017.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Description:
Abstract:
This data product contains calculated daily mean flow rates (liters per second) and daily total flow (cubic meters) based on 15-minute flow rates measured by the U.S. Geological Survey at the Watershed 78 gauging station on Highway 41 N near Huger, SC from 2005 to 2017. Watershed 78, also known as the Turkey Creek Watershed, is a 5240 ha (based on a 2011 LiDAR-based DEM with field verification for culverts) third-order watershed that was established in 1964 on and adjacent to the Santee Experimental Forest. Elevation ranges from 2 to 14 meters above sea level, and average watershed slope is 3%. The main stream channel is approximately 11,400 meters long.

The predominant forest cover types on Watershed 78 are pine and mixed hardwoods. About 10 % of the watershed is covered by wetlands, comprising bottomland hardwoods and wet pine flats. The major treatments imposed on the watershed over its history have been clearcut and single tree selection harvest, forest thinning and prescribed fire. Watershed 78 also suffered major damage during Hurricane Hugo in September 1989.
Purpose:
The purpose of Watershed 78 when established in 1964 was to expand the scale at which research on the effects of watershed size on hydrologic relationships could be conducted on the Santee Experimental Forest.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2005
Ending_Date: 2017
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The geographic area covered by the dataset is that defined by the boundary of Watershed 78.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.78153
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.76300
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.15007
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.13284
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Forested wetlands
Theme_Keyword: Poorly drained soils
Theme_Keyword: Outflow (runoff)
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: Coastal Plain
Place_Keyword: Santee Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Francis Marion National Forest
Place_Keyword: Watershed 78
Place_Keyword: Turkey Creek Watershed
Place_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected by USGS researchers. In order to use the data in a publication, presentation or other research product you must agree to acknowledge its source. Please use the reference below when citing this work:

(Data name) courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.

The following statement may be added after an acknowledgement or credit:

The USGS home page is http://www.usgs.gov.
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
From December 2004 to March 2006, stage was measured at 15-minute intervals using either a pressure transducer accurate to 0.01 foot or a shaft encoder in a temporary stilling well. Starting in March 2006 a bubbler-type sensor accurate to 0.01 foot linked to a Sutron 8210 flow logger and interfaced with a Satlink 2 satellite transmitter was used. Flow rates were calculated by using the stage heights with stage-discharge relationship equations developed for the site over time by USGS scientists and technical staff.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Until the flow data have been reviewed and approved by peers, USGS staff assign it "provisional" status before posting it to their real-time website, https://waterdata.usgs.gov/sc/nwis/rt. After the review process has been completed, accepted data are granted "approved" status. For more information about this site and its data, users can submit questions online at: https://water.usgs.gov/contact/gsanswers?pemail=gs-w-sc_NWISWeb_Data_Inquiries&viewnote=%3CH1%3EUSGS+NWIS+Feedback+Request%3C/H1%3E%3Cp%3E%3Cb%3EPlease%20enter%20a%20subject%20in%20the%20form%20below%20that%20briefly%20summarizes%20your%20request%3C/b%3E%3C/p%3E.
Completeness_Report:
The USGS estimated daily mean flow rates for the period on 10/8/16 during Hurricane Matthew when some 15-minute flow rates were missing, According to standard policy, the USGS used interpolation to fill in 15-minute values during brief periods of missing data lasting less than two hours that occurred throughout 2016 and 2017.

Missing data includes the following:

1/1/05 to 3/29/05
10/18/05 to 10/24/05
10/28/05 to 11/3/05
1/19/06 to 1/25/06
10/23/07 to 10/25/07
12/7/07 to 12/12/07
12/4/08 to 12/8/08
2/27/09 to 3/2/09
6/26/09 to 6/29/09
2/20/13 to 2/22/13
2/8/14 to 2/10/14
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
On December 16, 2004, J. Erbland and I. Roberts established the initial, temporary U.S. Geological Survey stream gauging station (02172035, Turkey Creek above Huger, SC) on the left upstream bank (SC Department of Transportation was constructing a new Highway 41 N bridge across Turkey Creek at the time). Stage was measured at first by a pressure transducer and then later by a shaft encoder in a temporary stilling well.

In March 2006 the USGS set up a permanent gauging station on the downstream side of the new bridge. They installed a Sutron 8210 flow logger interfaced with a Satlink 2 satellite transmitter and linked to a bubbler-type sensor on the streambed to measure stage level every 15 minutes, as well as a manual measuring line that can be lowered to the stream surface from the top of the bridge. No difference has been noted in the pool whether upstream or downstream, and at normal stages there is essentially the same slope of water level through the bridge.

Using a FlowTracker Handheld-ADV velocity meter for medium to low discharge measurements and a Rio Grande or StreamPro ADCP velocity meter for high-flow discharge measurements across the stream cross-section at the gauge, the USGS developed stage-discharge relationships between the measured flow values and corresponding stage heights over the course of periodic visits to the site, and using these relationships they calculated 15-minute flow rates.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Prior to March 2006 15-minute stage data were collected on site from the pressure tranducer logger or shaft encoder. Starting in March 2006 the data were stored on the Sutron 8210 datalogger and then sent via satellite using the Satlink 2 transmitter to the USGS offices every 1-4 hours. There the data were processed and later posted to the USGS website, http://waterdata.usgs.gov/sc/nwis/uv?site_no=02172035.

Stage-discharge relationship equations developed for the site were used to calculate 15-minute flow rates.

Through 2014, daily mean flow rates and total flow were computed by USDA Forest Service personnel by integrating the USGS 15-minute flow rates using pivot tables in Excel spreadsheets.

From 2015 going forward, all daily mean flow rate data (in cubic feet per second, or cfs) was downloaded from the USGS weblink for this stream gauging station, http://waterdata.usgs.gov/sc/nwis/uv?site_no=02172035. The cfs data was then converted into liters per second data and further used to calculate total daily flow in cubic meters.

According to standard policy, the USGS used linear interpolation to fill in 15-minute flow rate values during brief periods of missing data lasting less than two hours that occurred prior to October in order to calculate daily mean flow rates.

The USGS used hydrographic analysis to estimate daily mean flow rates for the period from 10/3/15 to 10/15/15 when 15-minute flow rates were not available. This period was associated with the massive flow event that resulted from the extreme rainfall event that began on 10/3/15 and impacted most of South Carolina.

The USGS estimated daily mean flow rates for the period on 10/8/16 during Hurricane Matthew when some 15-minute flow rates were missing, They also estimated daily mean flow rates on 7/19/17, 10/24/17 and over the period from 11/9/17 to 11/13/17.

According to standard policy, the USGS used interpolation to fill in 15-minute values during brief periods of missing data lasting less than two hours that occurred throughout 2016 and 2017.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Variables included in the datasets WS78_dailyflow_2005_2007_rev2.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2008_2011.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2012.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2013.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2014.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2015.xlsx, WS78_dailyflow_2016.xlsx and WS78_dailyflow_2017.xlsx:

Location = watershed name (WS78 = Watershed 78);
Instr_ID = gauging station name (USGS = water level recorder used in conjunction with WS78 gauging station);
Date_ = date associated with stage data (format MM/DD/YYYY);
Avg_FlowRa = daily mean flow rate, in L/sec; and
DailyFlow_ = daily total flow, in cubic meters.

All missing data were originally assigned the value "-9999"; during database development this code was changed to "null"
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20190429
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research
Contact_Person: Andy Harrison
Contact_Position: Hydrology Technician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3734 Hwy 402
City: Cordesville
State_or_Province: SC
Postal_Code: 29434
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843 336-5603
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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