Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 79 Daily Mean and Total Flow Data, 2002-2017.

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Amatya, Devendra M. and Trettin, Carl C.

Publication_Date: 2018

Title:

Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 79 Daily Mean and Total Flow Data, 2002-2017.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database

Description:

Abstract:

This data product contains daily mean flow rates (liters per second) and daily total flow (cubic meters) measured at the Watershed 79 weir on the Santee Experimental Forest near Cordesville, SC from 2002 to 2017. Watershed 79 is a 500 ha second-order watershed that was established in 1966 on the Santee Experimental Forest. It encompasses both of the paired first-order watersheds, Watershed 77 and Watershed 80, plus some additional land in between. Elevation ranges from 4 to 10 meters above sea level, and average watershed slope is 3%. The main stream channel is approximately 1640 meters long, and flow is monitored at the watershed outlet using a compound metallic v-notch weir with concrete box culverts on either side of it.

The predominant forest cover types on Watershed 79 are pine and mixed hardwoods. About 25 % of the watershed is covered by wetlands, comprising bottomland hardwoods and wet pine flats. The major treatments imposed on the watershed over its history have been forest thinning and prescribed fire. Watershed 79 also suffered major damage during Hurricane Hugo in September 1989.

Purpose:

The purpose of Watershed 79 when established in 1966 was to expand the scale at which research on the effects of watershed size on hydrologic relationships could be conducted on the Santee Experimental Forest.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2002

Ending_Date: 2017

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Status:

Progress: In work

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

The geographic area covered by the dataset is that defined by the boundary of Watershed 79 in the Santee Experimental Forest.

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.78153

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.76300

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.15007

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.13284

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: Forested wetlands

Theme_Keyword: Poorly drained soils

Theme_Keyword: Outflow (runoff)

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: South Carolina

Place_Keyword: Coastal Plain

Place_Keyword: Santee Experimental Forest

Place_Keyword: Watershed 79

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

These data were collected by USDA Forest Service researchers. In order to use the data in a publication, presentation or other research product you must agree to acknowledge its source. Please use the reference below when citing this work:

(Data name) courtesy of the USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research.

The following statement may be added after an acknowledgement or credit:

The USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research homepage is http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/charleston/.

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

A Global Water GL300 logger linked to a WL300 pressure transducer with an accuracy of 0.01 foot was installed in the WS79 blockhouse on 1/24/02. On 7/17/03 a Teledyne-ISCO 3210 flowmeter was added. The ISCO 3210 had an ultrasonic sensor that could be calibrated to the level of water above or below the v-notch in the weir and also measured stage with an accuracy of 0.01 foot. Stage data above and below the v-notch for the period between 1/24/02 and 7/17/03 were predicted using the following regression equation:

ISCO 3210 = 1.00*GL300 - 1.66, R2 = 0.99

Stage data for this period were hourly, but starting on 7/17/03 the ISCO 3210 flowmeter recorded data every 10 minutes. The above regression equation was developed in November 2016 using ISCO 3210 and GL300 data collected at the same timepoints between 8/26/03 and 9/12/03 (regressing ISCO 3210 data on the GL300 data), and it replaced an older, invalid equation. The stage and flow values for the period have been recalculated and replaced in the data portal.

A staff gauge was mounted on the face of the blockhouse to allow direct comparison of stage data to manual readings.

A WL15 logger/pressure transducer was installed on 2/4/04 as a backup to the ISCO 3210 flowmeter (replacing the GL300/WL300 unit).

Weir plate replacement work was initiated on 10/12/07 at about 9:30 AM (stage level was lowered dramatically as the plate was removed). This work continued into January 2008, as the first efforts resulted in leakage around the new plate.

Stage values from 9:40 to 12:20 on 10/25/07 were predicted using a regression relationship developed between the ISCO 3210 flowmeter data and the WL15 logger/pressure transducer data:

ISCO 3210 = 0.98*WL15 - 1.63, R2 = 0.99

ISCO 3210 data collected from 10/25/07 12:30 to 10/31/07 23:50 were regressed on WL15 data collected from the same period to generate this equation (stage data from 10/25/07 12:30 to 10/31/07 10:20 were first adjusted to reflect the new calibration of the v-notch by adding 0.055 foot to the measured stage heights).

During the download process on 12/19/07, the ISCO 3210 flowmeter date was somehow set to the year 2052, and data between then and 1/8/08 could not be retrieved by normal procedures.

The ISCO 3210 flowmeter was replaced by a Teledyne-ISCO 4210 flowmeter on 2/11/08.

The WL15 logger/pressure transducer was replaced by a similar WL16 unit on 9/3/08.

Because the ultrasonic sensor had been submerged, ISCO 4210 stage data from 10/24/08 19:10 to 10/25/08 8:50 (during an extremely large flow event) were predicted using data from the new WL16 backup logger/pressure transducer and the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.60, R2 = 0.99

This equation was derived by regressing ISCO 4210 stage data on WL16 stage data for the remainder of the month of October 2008.

ISCO 4210 stage data from 12/7/14 6:00 to 12/8/14 11:10 were predicted using data from the WL16 backup logger/pressure transducer and the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.44, R2 = 0.98

This equation was derived by regressing ISCO 4210 stage data on WL16 stage data for the first week of the month of December 2014.

Nearby lightning strike resulted in loss of all data between 7/6/15 9:50 and 7/14/15 8:50.

Extreme rainfall event October 3-4, 2015 (and also large amounts of rain in the days before and after) led to record flow levels on the Santee Experimental Forest. The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged during this event, but data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from 10/1/15 0:00 through 10/2/15 22:00 and then 10/6/15 0:00 through 10/9/15 22:00 was used to generate the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.06, R2 = 0.99

Stage values around the peak of the highest flows exceeded the range of the stage-discharge equation for the WS 79 weir (0 to 5.14 feet above the v-notch).

The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged from 8/10/16 13:40 to 8/10/16 19:00 during a large flow event on the SEF. Data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from both instruments over the remainder of the month was used to generate the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.04, R2 = 0.99

Hurricane Matthew October 7-8, 2016 caused very high flow levels on the Santee Experimental Forest. The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged during this event,
but data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from 10/7/16 6:30 to 10/8/16 0:50 was used to generate the following regression equation for use in estimating stage values during the rising limb of the event:

ISCO 4210 = 0.97*WL16 - 1.02, R2 = 0.99

Data from 10/9/16 4:30 to 10/11/16 9:00 was used to generate the following regression equation for use in estimating stage values during the falling limb:

ISCO 4210 = 1.01*WL16 - 1.08, R2 = 0.99

Stage values around the peak of the highest flows again exceeded the range of the stage-discharge equation for the WS 79 weir (0 to 5.14 feet above the v-notch).

There were several periods during April, July and September 2017 when WS 79 4210 stage values were again predicted using regression equations developed between the 4210 ultrasonic sensor and the backup WL16 pressure transducer (because water levels rose during large rain events - eg. Tropical Storm Irma - into the 4210 "dead zone").

In April 2017, rising limb values from 4/24/17 20:30 to 4/24/17 21:50 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.06, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 4/24/17 22:00 to 4/25/17 0:00 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.08, R2 = 0.99

In July 2017, rising limb values from 7/10/17 6:50 to 7/10/17 7:30 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.01, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 7/10/17 7:40 to 7/10/17 8:20 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.05, R2 = 0.99

We also used linear interpolation to smooth the peak at the 7/10/17 7:40 and 7:50 timepoints.

In September 2017 (during Tropical Storm Irma), rising limb values from 9/11/17 18:30 to 9/11/17 22:00 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.01*WL16 - 1.05, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 9/11/17 22:10 to 9/12/17 5:40 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 -1.04, R2 = 0.99

We also used linear interpolation to smooth the peak at the 9/11/17 22:10 and 22:20 timepoints.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Visual inspection and comparison with flow data from other SEF flow gauging stations (as well as daily rainfall data) were used to expose anomalous data.

Completeness_Report:

No flow data were collected at the Watershed 79 weir from 11/1/90 through 1/24/02. However, South Carolina was experiencing a severe drought from 1999 to 2002 (SC DNR declared that the drought had ended in Berkeley County in November 2002) and there was little or no flow at the gauging station during the drought. Since then there have been brief periods of missing data, largely as a result of equipment failures.

Data from 12/19/07 to 1/8/08 was not available because of equipment malfunction.

Data from 12/2/13 to 12/9/13 was not available because of equipment malfunction.

Data from 9/28/14 to 9/29/14 was not available because of equipment malfunction.

Data from 7/6/15 to 7/14/15 was not available because of nearby lightning strike.

Some data on both 10/3/15 and 10/4/15 is not available because stage values during massive flow event exceeded the ceiling of the box culverts (greater than 5.14 feet above the v-notch), resulting in submerged flow.

Data on 10/8/16 is not available because some stage values during Hurricane Matthewt exceeded the ceiling of the box culverts (greater than 5.14 feet above the v-notch), resulting in submerged flow.

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field

Methodology_Description:

Between 1/24/02 and 7/17/03, hourly stage data were recorded by a Global Water GL300 logger (and associated WL300 pressure transducer) and downloaded directly to a computer in the field using Global Logger software.

A Teledyne-ISCO 3210 flowmeter with an ultrasonic sensor was installed on 7/17/03. 10-minute stage data from the ISCO 3210 flowmeter were downloaded directly to a computer in the field using Flowlink 3 software.

A WL15 logger/pressure transducer was installed on 2/4/04 as a backup to the ISCO 3210 flowmeter (replacing the GL300/WL300 unit). 10-minute stage data from the WL15 logger were downloaded directly to a computer in the field using Global Logger software.

The ISCO 3210 flowmeter was replaced by a Teledyne-ISCO 4210 flowmeter on 2/11/08. From that point onward 10-minute stage data were downloaded directly to a computer in the field using Flowlink 4 software.

The WL15 logger/pressure transducer was replaced by a WL16 unit on 9/3/08. 10-minute stage data from the WL16 logger were downloaded directly to a computer in the field using Global Logger II software.

Trainum Brothers Co. installed new wooden platforms and safety railing at the site on 6/12/17 to 6/13/17.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Downloaded stage data were first post-processed (removing spurious data, such as download artifacts), and then hourly or 10-minute flow rates were obtained by using the theoretical hydraulic equations for a compound v-notch weir with associated box culverts.

Daily mean flow rate and total daily flow were both calculated in Excel spreadsheets. Daily mean flow rate was obtained averaging hourly or 10-minute flow rates for each day, and total daily flow was calculated by averaging flow rates over the individual recording intervals, multiplying the average rate by the appropriate time factor for the interval, and then summing interval flows for each day.

Stage data above and below the v-notch for the period between 1/24/02 and 7/17/03 were predicted using the following regression equation:

ISCO 3210 = 1.00*GL300 - 1.66, R2 = 0.99

Stage data for this period were hourly, but starting on 7/17/03 the ISCO 3210 flowmeter recorded data every 10 minutes. The above regression equation was developed in November 2016 using ISCO 3210 and GL300 data collected at the same timepoints between 8/26/03 and 9/12/03 (regressing ISCO 3210 data on the GL300 data), and it replaced an older, invalid equation. The stage and flow values for the period have been recalculated and replaced in the data portal.

A staff gauge was mounted on the face of the blockhouse to allow direct comparison of stage data to manual readings.

A WL15 logger/pressure transducer was installed on 2/4/04 as a backup to the ISCO 3210 flowmeter (replacing the GL300/WL300 unit).

Weir plate replacement work was initiated on 10/12/07 at about 9:30 AM (stage level was lowered dramatically as the plate was removed). This work continued into January 2008, as the first efforts resulted in leakage around the new plate.

Stage values from 9:40 to 12:20 on 10/25/07 were predicted using a regression relationship developed between the ISCO 3210 flowmeter data and the WL15 logger/pressure transducer data:

ISCO 3210 = 0.98*WL15 - 1.63, R2 = 0.99

ISCO 3210 data collected from 10/25/07 12:30 to 10/31/07 23:50 were regressed on WL15 data collected from the same period to generate this equation (stage data from 10/25/07 12:30 to 10/31/07 10:20 were first adjusted to reflect the new calibration of the v-notch by adding 0.055 foot to the measured stage heights).

During the download process on 12/19/07, the ISCO 3210 flowmeter date was somehow set to the year 2052, and data between then and 1/8/08 could not be retrieved by normal procedures.

The ISCO 3210 flowmeter was replaced by a Teledyne-ISCO 4210 flowmeter on 2/11/08.

The WL15 logger/pressure transducer was replaced by a similar WL16 unit on 9/3/08.

Because the ultrasonic sensor had been submerged, ISCO 4210 stage data from 10/24/08 19:10 to 10/25/08 8:50 (during an extremely large flow event) were predicted using data from the new WL16 backup logger/pressure transducer and the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.60, R2 = 0.99

This equation was derived by regressing ISCO 4210 stage data on WL16 stage data for the remainder of the month of October 2008.

ISCO 4210 stage data from 12/7/14 6:00 to 12/8/14 11:10 were predicted using data from the WL16 backup logger/pressure transducer and the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.44, R2 = 0.98

This equation was derived by regressing ISCO 4210 stage data on WL16 stage data for the first week of the month of December 2014.

Nearby lightning strike resulted in loss of all data between 7/6/15 9:50 and 7/14/15 8:50.

Extreme rainfall event October 3-4, 2015 (and also large amounts of rain in the days before and after) led to record flow levels on the Santee Experimental Forest. The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged during this event, but data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from 10/1/15 0:00 through 10/2/15 22:00 and then 10/6/15 0:00 through 10/9/15 22:00 was used to generate the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.06, R2 = 0.99

Stage values around the peak of the highest flows exceeded the range of the stage-discharge equation for the WS 79 weir (0 to 5.14 feet above the v-notch).

The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged from 8/10/16 13:40 to 8/10/16 19:00 during a large flow event on the SEF. Data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from both instruments over the remainder of the month was used to generate the following regression equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.04, R2 = 0.99

Hurricane Matthew October 7-8, 2016 caused very high flow levels on the Santee Experimental Forest. The ultrasonic sensor was briefly submerged during this event,
but data from a backup WL16 logger and pressure transducer was available to help predict the missing stage values. Data from 10/7/16 6:30 to 10/8/16 0:50 was used to generate the following regression equation for use in estimating stage values during the rising limb of the event:

ISCO 4210 = 0.97*WL16 - 1.02, R2 = 0.99

Data from 10/9/16 4:30 to 10/11/16 9:00 was used to generate the following regression equation for use in estimating stage values during the falling limb:

ISCO 4210 = 1.01*WL16 - 1.08, R2 = 0.99

Stage values around the peak of the highest flows again exceeded the range of the stage-discharge equation for the WS 79 weir (0 to 5.14 feet above the v-notch).

There were several periods during April, July and September 2017 when WS 79 4210 stage values were again predicted using regression equations developed between the 4210 ultrasonic sensor and the backup WL16 pressure transducer (because water levels rose during large rain events - eg. Tropical Storm Irma - into the 4210 "dead zone").

In April 2017, rising limb values from 4/24/17 20:30 to 4/24/17 21:50 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.06, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 4/24/17 22:00 to 4/25/17 0:00 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.08, R2 = 0.99

In July 2017, rising limb values from 7/10/17 6:50 to 7/10/17 7:30 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 0.99*WL16 - 1.01, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 7/10/17 7:40 to 7/10/17 8:20 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 - 1.05, R2 = 0.99

We also used linear interpolation to smooth the peak at the 7/10/17 7:40 and 7:50 timepoints.

In September 2017 (during Tropical Storm Irma), rising limb values from 9/11/17 18:30 to 9/11/17 22:00 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.01*WL16 - 1.05, R2 = 0.99

Falling limb values from 9/11/17 22:10 to 9/12/17 5:40 were predicted using the following equation:

ISCO 4210 = 1.00*WL16 -1.04, R2 = 0.99

We also used linear interpolation to smooth the peak at the 9/11/17 22:10 and 22:20 timepoints.

Process_Date: Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Variables included in the datasets WS79_dailyflow_2002_to_2007_rev2.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2008_to_2011.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2012.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2013.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2014.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2015.xlsx, WS79_dailyflow_2016.xlsx and WS79_dailyflow_2017.xlsx:

Location = watershed name (WS79 = Watershed 79);
Instr_ID = gauging station name (Weir79 = water level recorder used in conjunction with WS79 weir);
Date_ = date associated with stage data (format MM/DD/YYYY);
Avg_FlowRa = daily mean flow rate, in L/sec; and
DailyFlow_ = daily total flow, in cubic meters.

All missing data were originally assigned the value "-9999"; during database development this code was changed to "null"

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20180626

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research

Contact_Person: Andy Harrison

Contact_Position: Hydrology Technician

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 3734 Hwy 402

City: Cordesville

State_or_Province: SC

Postal_Code: 29434

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843 336-5603

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999