Watershed 80 Water Chemistry, 2004-2017.

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Amatya, Devendra M. and Trettin, Carl C.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Watershed 80 Water Chemistry, 2004-2017.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Description:
Abstract:
Stream water samples were collected by an automated sampler upstream of the Watershed 80 weir on the Santee Experimental Forest during periods of active flow from 2004-2017. Chemical analysis of these samples was later performed for the following analytes: total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, ammonium-N, nitrate/nitrite-N, chloride, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, bromide, sulfate, orthophosphate and silicate ((analysis for silicate added in March 2012 but suspended for all but Watershed 80 samples in April 2012, then discontinued completely after 2013). Starting in 2006, additional water quality parameters (pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were measured in situ on an approximately weekly basis using a Manta multiprobe device. This document describes the data, sample collection, handling/hauling and analytical procedures.
Purpose:
Watershed 80 was established on the Santee Experimental Forest in 1968. Watershed 77 had been established in 1963, and the two first-order watersheds have served as paired treatment (WS 77) and control (WS 80) watersheds since 1968 in a variety of studies concerning the effects of various forest management practices (such as thinning and prescribed fire) as well as natural disturbances (such as Hurricane Hugo in September 1989) on hydrology and water quality.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2004
Ending_Date: 2017
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The geographic area covered by the dataset is Watershed 80 in the Santee Experimental Forest.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.80355
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.78340
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.15951
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.14211
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Forested watersheds
Theme_Keyword: water quality
Theme_Keyword: automated sampler
Theme_Keyword: Manta multiprobe
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: Coastal Plain
Place_Keyword: Santee Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Watershed 80
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected by USDA Forest Service researchers. In order to use the data in a publication, presentation or other research product you must agree to acknowledge its source. Please use the below citation when citing this work:

(Data name) courtesy of the USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research.

The following statement may be added after an acknowledgement or credit:

The USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research homepage is http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/charleston/.
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Laboratory analyses from February 2004 through February 2007 followed standards described in "Lab Manual.doc," a summary of sample collection, handling, transporting, processing, preservation and laboratory analysis protocols compiled by Ms Lara Matthews, Laboratory Manager at the Center for Forested Wetlands Research in October 2006. Analytical instruments were calibrated with known standards before every sample run, and laboratory analyses of sample sets always included at least 10% duplicate, blank and spiked samples for quality assurance.

The analytical laboratory at the Center for Forested Wetlands Research in Charleston was shut down in the spring of 2007 (all personnel were in the process of moving out to the Santee Experimental Forest offices and labs in Cordesville), and after March 2007 water quality sampling was discontinued temporarily and did not resume until December 2007. Instrumental analyses for samples collected from March 2007 forward were conducted at the USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory analytical laboratory and followed standards described in "Procedures for Chemical Analysis," a laboratory manual compiled by Mr. James M. Deal and revised by Ms. Cindi Brown and others that summarizes protocols employed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto NC 28763.

Calibration and field use of the Manta multiprobe was performed as recommended in the "Manta Water Quality Multiprobe Startup Guide," version dated June 4, 2004 (Eureka Environmental Engineering, 2113 Wells Branch Parkway Suite 4400, Austin TX 78728).

Problems with the pH sensor in the Manta multiprobe started to develop in March 2016, and we switched to measuring pH in the field with the Oakton PC 300 Waterproof Hand-held pH/Conductivity/TDS/Temperature Meter on October 28, 2016. Calibration and field use of the PC 300 Meter were performed as recommended in the Instruction Manual for the PC 300, rev. March 5, 2008 (Oakton Instruments, P.O. Box 5136, Vernon Hills IL 60061).

In September 2017 we started using the Hanna HI98194 multiprobe for measurement of pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Calibration and field use of the HI98194 multiprobe were performed as recommended in the Instruction Manual for the HI98194, HI98195 and HI98196 Multiparameter Meters (Hanna Instruments Inc., Highland Industrial Park, 584 Park East Drive, Woonsocket RI 02895).
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Laboratory analyses from February 2004 through February 2007 followed standards described in "Lab Manual.doc," a summary of sample collection, handling, transporting, processing, preservation and laboratory analysis protocols compiled by Ms Lara Matthews, Laboratory Manager at the Center for Forested Wetlands Research in October 2006. Analytical instruments were calibrated with known standards before every sample run, and laboratory analyses of sample sets always included at least 10% duplicate, blank and spiked samples for quality assurance.

Starting in March 2007 the initial sample processing continued as above, but instrumental analyses followed standards described in "Procedures for Chemical Analysis," a laboratory manual compiled by Mr. James M. Deal and revised by Ms. Cindi Brown and others that summarizes protocols employed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto NC 28763.

Calibration and field use of the Manta multiprobe was performed as recommended in the "Manta Water Quality Multiprobe Startup Guide," version dated June 4, 2004 (Eureka Environmental Engineering, 2113 Wells Branch Parkway Suite 4400, Austin TX 78728).

Problems with the pH sensor in the Manta multiprobe started to develop in March 2016, and we switched to measuring pH in the field with the Oakton PC 300 Waterproof Hand-held pH/Conductivity/TDS/Temperature Meter on October 28, 2016. Calibration and field use of the PC 300 Meter were performed as recommended in the Instruction Manual for the PC 300, rev. March 5, 2008 (Oakton Instruments, P.O. Box 5136, Vernon Hills IL 60061).

In September 2017 we started using the Hanna HI98194 multiprobe for measurement of pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Calibration and field use of the HI98194 multiprobe were performed as recommended in the Instruction Manual for the HI98194, HI98195 and HI98196 Multiparameter Meters (Hanna Instruments Inc., Highland Industrial Park, 584 Park East Drive, Woonsocket RI 02895).
Completeness_Report:
Stream water samples were collected by the automated sampler during periods of active flow on a flow-proportional basis; during periods without flow no samples were collected. Infrequent equipment malfunctions also occasionally resulted in samples being missed. While the Center for Forested Wetlands Research was in the process of relocating its offices and labs from Charleston to the Santee Experimental Forest in Cordesville, collection of water quality samples at the WS 80 gauging station was discontinued temporarily between March and December 2007.

Missing Data (2003 - 2007):

None of the potential reasons for a number of possible outliers can be confirmed, and so these values have been retained in the data set and it is at the discretion of the user to exclude them.

Manta data missing for following periods:
6/23/06 (DO values removed; at or above 100%)
6/29/07 (DO values removed; at or above 100%)

All pH, conductivity and salinity data for 2006 and 2007 removed because of questions about instrument calibration during the period.

Outliers, Negative Values and Missing Data (2008 - 2017):

There are a number of possible outliers, including the following dates and analytes:
8/23/2008 5:59 K
10/20/2008 20:15 TDP, PO4 (somewhat elevated concentrations observed in blank)
5/25/2009 10:19 Ca, Mg (somewhat elevated concentrations observed in blank)
6/12/2009 6:30 NH4
12/7/2009 9:03 Cl (somewhat elevated concentrations observed in blank)
6/8/2016 13:27 SO4
7/19/2016 9:16 NH4

Because none of the potential reasons for the extreme values can be confirmed, these possible outliers have been retained in the data set and it is at the discretion of the user to exclude them.

DOC data from samples collected during the June 11, 2012 to April 1, 2013 period have been removed as suspect because of concerns raised at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (their instrument may have been measuring Total Carbon instead of Dissolved Organic Carbon during this period).

A small number of negative values were recorded for certain analytes (TDP and Mg). Following the policy of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, these values have been replaced with "0.001"

Manta data missing for following periods:

All pH, conductivity and salinity data for 2008 removed because of questions about instrument calibration during the period.

2/24/12 (DO values removed; at or above 100%)
8/16/13 (specific conductivity and salinity values removed as outliers).
3/4/16 (suspect pH data removed).
10/28/16 (only pH data available).

Manta data not available from November 2015 through early February 2016 because of problem with cable, and also not available from early March 2016 through early June 2016 because of sensor problems.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
During periods of active stream flow a Teledyne-ISCO 4210 flow logger/ultrasonic sensor, calibrated to the level of water above or below the v-notch in the Watershed 80 weir, signalled a Teledyne ISCO 3700 automated sampler to take a 200-ml water sample after a known amount of water had passed over the weir (1240 cubic meters; amount based on the median volume of historic flow events). Such samples were collected using 3/8" vinyl suction tubing attached to the sampler and extending to the center of the stream, where the intake strainer was installed about 1 ft below the bottom of the v-notch in the weir. Samples were composited (4 samples per 1000 ml bottle), and approximately once a week filled bottles were removed from the autosampler and replaced with clean, acid-washed bottles. The sample bottles were taken to the laboratory in coolers and either filtered immediately (through 0.45 micron, 47 mm WCN type filters) or frozen until filtration could begin. Starting in December 2007 the bottles were no longer frozen but kept at 4 degrees C and filtered as soon as possible.

Beginning in May 2006, the Manta multiprobe (linked to the Amphibian data logger) was taken to the Watershed 80 gauging station about once a week and used to measure pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the pool behind the weir plate (if enough water was present to submerge the probe). In 2009 the Manta measurement interval became approximately bi-weekly.

Manta measurements were discontinued from November 2015 through early February 2016 because of problems with the cable, and then again from early March 2016 through early June 2016 because of sensor problems.

Beginining on October 28, 2016 measurements of pH were performed in the field using an Oakton PC 300 Waterproof Hand-held pH/Conductivity/TDS/Temperature Meter.

In September 2017 we started using the Hanna HI98194 multiprobe for measurement of pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity and dissolved oxygen.

The accuracy and resolution of the parameters measured by the Manta are listed below:

pH: accuracy = +/- 0.2 units; resolution = 0.01 units;
temperature: accuracy (over the range of -5 to 50 degrees C) = +/- 0.08 degrees C; resolution = 0.01 degrees C;
specific conductance: accuracy (over the ranges of 0 - 5, 5 - 25 and 25 - 112 microS per cm) = +/- 1% reading +/- 0.001, +/- 1% reading, and +/- 1% reading, respectively; resolution = to 4 digits;
salinity: accuracy (over the range 0 - 70 PSS) = +/- 1% reading +/- 1 count; resolution = 0.01 PSS; and
dissolved oxygen: accuracy (over the range 0 - 50 mg per L) = +/- 0.2 mg per L (for less than or equal to 20 mg per L) and +/- 0.6 mg per L (for greater than 20 mg per L).

The accuracy and resolution of pH measurements made using the PC 300 Meter are listed below:

pH: accuracy = +/- 0.01 units; resolution = 0.01 units.

The accuracy and resolution of the parameters measured by the Hanna are listed below:

pH: accuracy = +/- 0.02 units; resolution = 0.01 units;
temperature: accuracy = +/- 0.15 degrees C; resolution = 0.01 degrees C;
specific conductance: accuracy = +/- 1% of reading; resolution = 0.001 mS/cm from 0.000 to 9.999 mS/cm;
salinity: accuracy = +/- 2% of reading; resolution = 0.01 PSU; and
dissolved oxygen: accuracy (over the range 0.00 to 30.00 mg/L) = +/- 1.5% of the reading or +/- 0.10 mg/L, whichever is greater; resolution = 0.01 mg/L.
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Laboratory methods from February 2004 to February 2007 were as descrbed in "Lab Manual.doc," a summary of sample collection, handling, transporting, processing, preservation and analysis protocols compiled by Ms Lara Matthews, Laboratory Manager at the Center for Forested Wetlands Research in October 2006.

Briefly, the laboratory protocols involved the following:

After filtration through 0.45 micron, 47 mm WCN type filters, each sample was aliquoted to three labelled 125 milliliter (ml) HDPE sample bottles and one labelled 40 ml amber VOA vial for preservation and subsequent analyses. 140 microliters of a concentrated acid was added to each of three aliquots: H2SO4 in the 125 ml bottle for NH4, NO3/NO2, total dissolved N and total dissolved P analyses; HNO3 in the 125 ml bottle for cation analyses; and H3PO4 in the 40 ml vial for DOC analysis. The remaining 125 ml bottle (for Cl analysis) received no preservative. All sample aliquots were refrigerated until analyses could be performed.

The analyses, instruments used and method detection limits (mdl) during this period were the following:

TDN: performed using QuikChem© Method 10-107-04-3, In-Line Digestion followed by FIA on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer; mdl = 0.5 mg per L before March 2004, 0.3 mg per L (March 2004 to July 2005), and 0.1 mg per L after July 2005;
TDP: performed using QuikChem© Method 10-115-01-3, FIA Colorimetry (In-Line Persulfate Digestion Method) on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer; mdl = 0.1 mg per L before July 2005 and 0.01 mg per L after July 2005;
NO3/NO2-N: performed using QuikChem© Method 10-107-04-1, Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer; mdl = 0.2 mg per L before July 2005 and 0.02 mg per L after July 2005;
NH4-N: performed using QuikChem© Method 10-107-06-1, FIA Colorimetry on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer; mdl = 0.1 mg per L before July 2005 and 0.02 mg per L after July 2005;
Cl: performed using QuikChem® Method 10-117-07-1-C, FIA Colorimetry on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer; mdl = 0.1 mg per L;
Ca, K, Mg, Na, P: performed using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer; mdl = 0.05 mg/L; and
DOC: performed using a Tekmar Phoenix 8000 Total Organic Carbon Analyzer; mdl = 0.1 mg per L.

Starting in March 2007 instrumental methods were as described in "Procedures for Chemical Analysis," a laboratory manual compiled by Mr. James M. Deal and revised by Ms. Cindi Brown and others that summarizes protocols employed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto NC 28763.

As mentioned in the section on field methodology, starting in December 2007 samples collected in the field were no longer frozen before processing but instead were refrigerated and filtered (using 0.45 micron, 47 mm WCN type filters) as soon as possible. The filtrate was aliquoted to two labeled plastic 50-ml tubes (one each for cation and anion analyses) and two labeled, combusted (4 hours at 500 degrees C) glass 40-ml vials (for DOC analysis). Filtered samples in plastic vials were frozen and those in glass vials refrigerated prior to overnight shipment to the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for analysis.

Starting in February 2009, the above filtrate was aliquoted to three labeled plastic 50-ml tubes and all were frozen prior to shipping to the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory.

In June 2016 a new processing method for DOC samples and blanks was adopted: beginning on 6/20/16, sample tubes designated for DOC analysis were pre-rinsed in 10% HCL followed by a triple-rinse in DI water.

Samples collected on 10/3/16, as well as frozen filtered samples collected and processed on or after 9/16/16, were exposed to room temperature sometime after 10/5/16 due to power outage resulting from Hurricane Matthew. These samples were moved to an outbuilding on 10/11/16 to keep cool until 10/12/16 13:30, after power had been restored.

Samples collected on 10/11/16 were stored in an outbuilding to keep cool until 10/12/16 13:30, after power had been restored.

Because of problems with the ultrapure water system, filters used to process samples collected on or after 12/19/16 were pre-soaked in DI, not ultrapure, water prior to use.

The analyses, instruments used and average method detection limits (mdl) during the March 2007 through 2017 period were the following:

TDN: determined by luminescence using a Shimadzu DOC-VCPH TN analyzer until November 2016, and then by luminescence using a Shimadzu DOC-VCPH TNM-1 analyzer starting in November 2016; average mdl = 0.015 mg per L (range = 0.006-0.038 mg per L) through November 2016; average mdl = 0.014 mg per L for December 2016; and average mdl = 0.007 mg per L for 2017.

TDP: performed using persulfate in line UV digestion on a LachatQuickChem FIA+ Autoanalyzer until April 2011, when the Lachat results became unreliable, and then determined by optical emission using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (first acidifying the sample with 0.3% HNO3) through November 2012, and by optical emission using a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 starting in December 2012; average mdl = 0.003 mg per L (range = 0.001-0.005 mg per L) through April 2011, average mdl = 0.024 mg per L for the remainder of 2011 through 2012 (range = 0.002-0.046 mg per L), and average mdl = 0.003 mg per L from 2013 to 2017 (range = 0.001-0.008 mg per L);

NO3/NO2-N: determined by Micro-membrane Suppressed Ion Chromatography, using an AS 18 column, on a Dionex Ion Chromatograph ICS2500; average mdl = 0.003 mg per L (range = 0.0002-0.006 mg per L);

NH4-N: performed using the automated Phenate method on an Astoria 2 Autoanalyzer through November 2015, and usiing the automated Phenate method on a new Astoria 2 Autoanalyzer from Novermber 2015 through 2016; average mdl = 0.004 mg per L (range = 0.001-0.009 mg per L) through November 2015, and average mdl = 0.001 mg per L from December 2015 through 2017 (range = 0.001 to 0.002 mg per L);

Cl: determined by Micro-membrane Suppressed Ion Chromatography, using an AS 18 column, on a Dionex Ion Chromatograph ICS2500; average mdl = 0.016 mg per L (range = 0.001-0.065 mg per L);

Ca: determined by optical emission using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer through November 2012, and by optical emission using a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 starting in December 2012; average mdl = 0.043 mg per L (range = 0.017-0.095 mg per L) through 2012, and average mdl = 0.025 mg per L from 2013 to 2017 (range = 0.012-0.056 mg per L);

K: determined by optical emission using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer through November 2012, and by optical emission using a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 starting in December 2012; average mdl = 0.024 mg per L (range = 0.009-0.045 mg per L) through 2012, and average mdl = 0.006 mg per L from 2013 to 2017 (range = 0.002-0.018 mg per L);

Mg: determined by optical emission using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer through November 2012, and by optical emission using a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 starting in December 2012; average mdl = 0.018 mg per L (range = 0.003-0.053 mg per L) through 2012, and average mdl = 0.005 mg per L from 2013 to 2017 (range = 0.003-0.008 mg per L);

Na: determined by optical emission using a Jobin Yvon Ultima II Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer through November 2012, and by optical emission using a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 starting in December 2012; average mdl = 0.028 mg per L (range = 0.005-0.106 mg per L) through 2012, and average mdl = 0.010 mg per L from 2013 to 2017 (range = 0.008-0.014 mg per L);

DOC: performed using the catalytically-aided platinum 680°C combustion technique for sample oxidation on a Shimadzu DOC-VCPH TN analyzer through October 2016, and by using the catalytically-aided platinum 680°C combustion technique for sample oxidation on a Shimadzu DOC-VCPH TNM-1 analyzer starting in November 2016; average mdl = 0.036 mg per L (range = 0.011-0.096 mg per L) through October 2016, and average mdl = 0.032 mg/L from November 2016 through 2017 (range = 0.030-0.034 mg per L);

Br: determined by Micro-membrane Suppressed Ion Chromatography, using an AS 18 column, on a Dionex Ion Chromatograph ICS2500; average mdl = 0.003 mg per L (range = 0.001-0.008 mg per L);

SO4: determined by Micro-membrane Suppressed Ion Chromatography, using an AS 18 column, on a Dionex Ion Chromatograph ICS2500; average mdl = 0.009 mg per L (range = 0.001-0.062 mg per L);

PO4: determined by Micro-membrane Suppressed Ion Chromatography, using an AS 18 column, on a Dionex Ion Chromatograph ICS2500; average mdl = 0.008 mg per L (range = 0.002-0.023 mg per L); and

SiO2: determined by Ammonium Molybdate reaction and reduction with Ascorbic Acid, using an Astoria 2 Autoanalyzer; average mdl = 0.002 mg per L from 2012 through 2013.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Data (in the form of concentrations obtained from the laboratory) were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and checked for missing values and/or outliers.

For the purposes of this database, analyte concentrations registering below the method detection limit (mdl) prior to March 2007 were assigned the value of the respective mdl.

Starting in March 2007, analyte concentrations were posted as received from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory except in the case of obvious contamination or negative values. Occasional negative values (sometimes observed for analytes such as Total Phosphorus or Mg) were assigned the value "0.001" according to the established practice at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Variables included in the datasets WS80_2003_2007_water_chemistry_revC.xlsx, WS80_2008_2011_water_chemistry.xlsx, WS80_2012_water_chemistry.xlsx, WS80_2013_water_chemistry.xlsx, WS80_2014_water_chemistry.xlsx, WS80_2015_water_chemistry_minusDOC_pH_cond.xlsx, WS80_2016_water_chemistry.xlsx, and WS80_2017_water_chemistry.xlsx:

Location = watershed name (WS80 = Watershed 80);
Instr_ID = gauging station name (Weir80 = WS80 weir);
Date_time = instantaneous date and time water sample collected or multiprobe reading obtained (format MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM);
Date = date sample collected or multiprobe reading obtained (format MM/DD/YYYY);
TDN_mgL (alias 'TN') = total dissolved nitrogen concentration, in mg/L;
TDP_mgL (alias 'TP') = total dissolved phosphorus concentration, in mg/L;
NH4_N_mgL (alias 'NH4-N') = nitrogen concentration in the form of ammonium, in mg/L;
NO3_NO2_N_mgL (alias 'NO3/NO2-N') = nitrogen concentration in the form of nitrate/nitrite, in mg/L;
Cl_mgL (alias 'Cl') = chloride concentration, in mg/L;
Ca_mgL (alias 'Ca') = calcium concentration, in mg/L;
K_mgL (alias 'K') = potassium concentration, in mg/L;
Mg_mgL (alias 'Mg') = magnesium concentration, in mg/L;
Na_mgL (alias 'Na') = sodium concentration, in mg/L;
P_mgL (alias 'P') = phosphorus concentration, in mg/L;
DOC_mgL (alias 'DOC') = dissolved organic carbon concentration, in mg/L;
Br_mgL (alias 'Br') = bromide concentration, in mg/L;
SO4_mgL (alias 'SO4') = sulfate concentration, in mg/L;
PO4_mgL (alias 'PO4') = orthophosphate concentration, in mg/L;
SiO2_mgl (alias 'SiO4') = silicate concentration, in mg/L;
Temp_C (alias 'Stream Temperature') = stream temperature, in degrees C;
pH (alias 'pH') = stream pH;
Conductivi (alias 'Specific Conductance') = specific conductance, in milliSiemens/cm;
Salinity_P (alias 'Salinity') = salinity (Practical Salinity Scale);
DO_mgL (alias 'DO, concentration') = dissolved oxygen, in mg/L; and
DO_per_sat (alias 'DO, % saturation') = percent saturation dissolved oxygen in stream (%).

All missing data were originally assigned the value "-9999"; during database development this code was changed to "null"
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20180831
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research
Contact_Person: Andy Harrison
Contact_Position: Hydrology Technician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3734 Hwy 402
City: Cordesville
State_or_Province: SC
Postal_Code: 29434
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843 336-5603
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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