Watershed 80 Historical Water Chemistry, 1976-1994
Metadata:
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Identification_Information:
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Citation:
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Citation_Information:
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Originator: Amatya, Devendra M. and Trettin, Carl C.
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Publication_Date: 2012
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Title:
Watershed 80 Historical Water Chemistry, 1976-1994- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
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Description:
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Abstract:
- Approximately weekly water samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 80 weir on the Santee Experimental Forest during the 1976-1982 and 1989-1994 periods. Chemical analysis of these samples was later performed and concentrations were reported for the following analytes: pH, NO3/NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, Cl, K, Na, Ca, Mg, SO4-S (during the 1976-1982 period), SO4 (during the 1989-1994 period), SiO3, HCO3, Total Kjehldal Nitrogen (TKN) and Total Nitrogen (TN). Measurement of temperature (at the time of sampling) and specific conductance (concurrent with the determination of pH and HCO3) was also conducted from 1976-1982, but not 1989-1994. This document describes the data, sample collection and analytical procedures.
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Purpose:
- During the 1976-1982 period water quality data were collected from the two paired first-order watersheds, Watershed 77 (treatment watershed) and Watershed 80 (control watershed) to investigate the effects of prescribed fire on water quality and nutrient cycling processes. Hurricane Hugo devastated both watersheds in September 1989, and stream flow and water quality monitoring resumed again during the 1989-1994 period in part to investigate the effects of differing post-disturbance treatments (salvage logging in WS 77, no logging in WS 80) on water quality during subsequent watershed recovery.
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Time_Period_of_Content:
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Time_Period_Information:
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Range_of_Dates/Times:
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Beginning_Date: 1976
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Ending_Date: 1994
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Currentness_Reference:
- ground condition
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Status:
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Progress: Complete
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Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
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Spatial_Domain:
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Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
- The geographic area covered by the dataset is Watershed 80 in the Santee Experimental Forest.
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Bounding_Coordinates:
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West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.78153
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East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.76300
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North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.15007
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South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.13284
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Keywords:
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Theme:
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Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
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Theme_Keyword: Forested watersheds
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Theme_Keyword: water quality
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Place:
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Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
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Place_Keyword: South Carolina
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Place_Keyword: Coastal Plain
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Place_Keyword: Santee Experimental Forest
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Place_Keyword: Watershed 80
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Access_Constraints: None
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Use_Constraints:
- These data were collected by USDA Forest Service researchers. In order to use the data in a publication, presentation or other research product you must agree to acknowledge its source. Please use the reference below when citing this work:
(Data name) courtesy of the USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research.
The following statement may be added after an acknowledgement or credit:
The USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research homepage is http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/charleston/.
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Data_Quality_Information:
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Attribute_Accuracy:
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Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
- Laboratory analyses during the 1976-1982 period followed the protocols effective at the Forest Soils Laboratory at Duke University.
During the 1989-1994 period, laboratory analyses were performed in the USDA Forest Service analytical laboratory at its facility in Charleston, SC. These analyses were carried out according to protocols specified in the following volume:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Ed. Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton. 1989. American Public Health Association. Washington, DC.
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Logical_Consistency_Report:
- During the 1976-1982 period stream temperature was measured at the time of sample collection, and water samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance and bicarbonate within hours of collection. Samples were then preserved using phenol mercuric acetate (PMA) and frozen until shipment to the the Forest Soils Laboratory at Duke University for further analysis. Tests for internal consistency and repeatability are not known at this time.
During the 1989-1994 period, laboratory analyses were performed in the USDA Forest Service analytical laboratory at its facility in Charleston, SC. These analyses were carried out according to protocols specified in the following volume:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Ed. Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton. 1989. American Public Health Association. Washington, DC.
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Completeness_Report:
- Approximately weekly water samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 80 weir between 11/4/76 and 11/3/82, and then again between 10/13/89 and 12/29/94.
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Lineage:
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Methodology:
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Methodology_Type: Field
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Methodology_Description:
- Approximately weekly water samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 80 weir between 11/4/76 and 11/3/82, and then again between 10/13/89 and 12/29/94. Stream temperature was measured at the time of sampling during the 1976-1982 period.
During the 1989-1994 period, weekly water samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 77 weir in clean plastic bottles and returned to the laboratory on ice. At the time of sample collection, stream pH was measured using a hand-held logger and probe.
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Methodology:
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Methodology_Type: Lab
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Methodology_Description:
- During the 1976-1982 period water samples were analyzed for pH (using a glass electrode) and bicarbonate (by acid titration to pH 4.5) within hours of collection. Samples were then preserved using phenol mercuric acetate (PMA) and frozen until shipment to the the Forest Soils Laboratory at Duke University for further analysis (Richter 1980, Gilliam 1983).
Methods used for nutrient analysis of water samples at the Forest Soils Laboratory were the following:
Organic N: Kjeldahl digestion followed by dichloroisocyanurate colorimetry;
NH4-N: Dichloroisocyanurate colorimetry;
NO3-N: Azo dye colorimetry;
SO4-S: Methylthymol blue colorimetry;
Cl: Ferric thiocyanate colorimetry;
PO4-P: Molybdenum blue colorimetry; and
Ca, Mg, K, and Na: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
During the 1989-1994 period, samples were brought to the Charleston laboratory and refrigerated until processing could begin. The samples were filtered (details of filtration procedure are not known at this time) and then subjected to analysis according to standard protocols (Clesceri et al, 1989).
Most analyses (NO3/NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, Cl, SO4, SiO3, TKN and TN) were performed using the Technicon TRAACS-800 system. Cation analyses (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) were performed using a Perkin-Elmer Model 3100 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.
Finally, HCO3 was measured by the titration method using an automatic titrimeter.
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Methodology_Citation:
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Citation_Information:
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Originator: Richter, D. D., Jr.
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Publication_Date: 1980
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Title:
Prescribed Fire: Effects on Water Quality and Nutrient Cycling in Forested Watersheds of the Santee Experimental Forest in South Carolina- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
- Publication_Information:
- Publication_Place: Durham, NC
- Publisher: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Duke University
- Other_Citation_Details:
- Ph.D. Dissertation
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Methodology_Citation:
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Citation_Information:
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Originator: Gilliam, F. S.
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Publication_Date: 1983
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Title:
Effects of Fire on Components of Nutrient Dynamics in a Lower Coastal Plain Watershed Ecosystem- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
- Publication_Information:
- Publication_Place: Durham, NC
- Publisher: Department of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Duke University
- Other_Citation_Details:
- Ph.D. Dissertation
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Methodology_Citation:
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Citation_Information:
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Originator: Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton (eds).
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Publication_Date: 1989
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Title:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater- Edition: 17
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
- Publication_Information:
- Publication_Place: Washington, DC
- Publisher: American Public Health Association
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Process_Step:
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Process_Description:
- Data collected in the field or during laboratory analyses were recorded into electronic spreadsheets and checked for missing values and/or outliers.
For the sake of consistency, data reported for SO4 during the 1989-1994 period have been adjusted to reflect the concentration of SO4-S.
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Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
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Overview_Description:
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Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
- Variables included in the dataset WS80_historical_chemistry_rev.xlsx:
Location = watershed name (WS80 = Watershed 80);
Instr_ID = gauging station name (Weir80 = WS80 weir);
Date_ = date associated with water chemistry data (format MM/DD/YYYY);
pH (alias 'pH') = stream pH;
NO3_NO2_N_mgL (alias 'NO3/NO2-N') = nitrogen concentration in the form of nitrate/nitrite, in mg/L;
NH4_N_mgL (alias 'NH4-N') = nitrogen concentration in the form of ammonium, in mg/L;
PO4_P_mgL (alias 'PO4-P') = phosphorus concentration in the form of phosphate, in mg/L;
Cl_mgL (alias 'Cl') = chloride concentration, in mg/L;
K_mgL (alias 'K') = potassium concentration, in mg/L;
Na_mgL (alias 'Na') = sodium concentration, in mg/L;
Ca_mgL (alias 'Ca') = calcium concentration, in mg/L;
Mg_mgL (alias 'Mg') = magnesium concentration, in mg/L;
SO4_S_mgL (alias 'SO4-S') = sulfur concentration in the form of sulfate, in mg/L;
TKN_mgL (alias 'TKN') = total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration, in mg/L;
SiO3_mgL (alias 'SiO3') = silicate concentration, in mg/L;
HCO3_mgL (alias 'HCO3') = bicarbonate concentration, in mg/L;
TN_mgL (alias 'TN') = total nitrogen concentration, in mg/L;
Conductivi (alias 'Specific Conductance') = specific conductance, in microS/cm; and
Temp_C (alias 'Stream Temperature') = stream temperature, in deg C.
All missing data were originally assigned the value "-9999"; during database development this code was changed to "null"
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Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
- None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
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Metadata_Date: 20110713
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Metadata_Contact:
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Contact_Information:
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Contact_Organization_Primary:
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Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research
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Contact_Person: Andy Harrison
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Contact_Position: Hydrology Technician
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Contact_Address:
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Address_Type: mailing and physical
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Address: 3734 Hwy 402
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City: Cordesville
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State_or_Province: SC
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Postal_Code: 29434
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Country: USA
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Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843 336-5603
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Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
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Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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